Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1895
January - March
April - June
- April 6 - Oscar Wilde is arrested after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.
- April 14 - A major earthquake severely damages Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- April 16 - The town of Sturgeon Falls, Ontario, is incorporated.
- April 17 - The Treaty of Shimonoseki (also known as Treaty of Maguan) is signed between China and Japan. This marks the end of the first Sino-Japanese War, and the defeated Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea and to concede the southern portion of Fengtien province, Taiwan, and the Pescadores Islands to Japan.
- April 22 - Gongche Shangshu movement: 603 candidates sign a 10,000-word petition against the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
- May 2 - Gongche Shangshu movement: Thousands of Beijing scholars and citizens protest against the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
- May 24 - Anti-Japanese officials led by Tang Ching-sung in Taiwan declare independence from the Qing Dynasty, forming the short-lived Republic of Formosa.
- May 25 - Oscar Wilde is convicted of "sodomy and gross indecency" and is sentenced to serve 2 years in prison at Reading.
- May 27 - In re Debs: The Supreme Court of the United States decides that the federal government has the right to regulate interstate commerce, legalizing the military suppression of the Pullman Strike.
- June 28 - The union of Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador begins (ends in 1898).
July - September
October - December
- October - Rudyard Kipling publishes the story Mowgli Leaves the Jungle Forever in The Cosmopolitan illustrated magazine (price 10 cents).
- October 1 - French troops capture Antananarivo in Madagascar.
- October 22 - A train wreck occurs at Montparnasse Station in Paris.
- October 23 - The city of Tainan, last stronghold of the Republic of Formosa, capitulates to the forces of the Empire of Japan, ending the short-lived republic and beginning the Japanese rule era.
- October 31 - A major earthquake occurs in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, the last to date.
- November 5 - George B. Selden is granted the first U.S. patent for an automobile.
- November 8 - Wilhelm Röntgen discovers a type of radiation later known as X-rays.
- November 25 - Oscar Hammerstein opens the Olympia Theatre, the first theatre to be built in NYC's Times Square district.
- November 27 - At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after his death.
- December - 3,000 Armenians are burned alive in Urfa by the Ottoman troops.
- December 7 - A corps of 2,500 Italian troops, mostly Ascari, are crushed by 30,000 Abyssian troops at Amba Alagi.
- December 24 - George Washington Vanderbilt II officially opens his "Biltmore House" estate on Christmas Eve, inviting his family to celebrate his new home in Asheville, NC.
- December 28 - Auguste and Louis Lumière display their first moving picture film in Paris.
Undated
- The London School of Economics and Political Science is founded in London, England.
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky proposes a space elevator.
- Grace Chisholm Young becomes the first woman awarded a doctorate at a German university.
- W.E.B. Du Bois becomes the first African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University.
- The Duck Reach Power Station, Tasmania opens.
- The first Boxer (dog) show is held at Munich, Germany.
- A huge crowd at the Welsh Grand National at Ely Racecourse, Cardiff, almost overwhelms police trying to keep out gatecrashers.
- The gold reserve of the U.S. Treasury is saved when J. P. Morgan and the Rothschilds loan $65 million worth of gold to the United States government.
- The Biltmore Estate near Asheville, North Carolina is completed.
- The Swarovski Company opens.
- German trade unions have c. 270,000 members.
- The huge indemnity exacted from China is used to establish the Yawata Iron and Steel Works.
- Japanese troops, acting under orders, storm the palace, murder Empress Myeongseong and burn her body.
- A coup in Guayaquil starts 20 years of ultra-liberist government in Ecuador.citation needed
- Foundation of:
Deaths
January - June
- January 9 - Aaron Lufkin Dennison, American watchmaker (b. 1812)
- January 10 - Benjamin Godard, French composer (b. 1849)
- January 24 - Lord Randolph Churchill, British statesman (b. 1849)
- February 2 - Archduke Albert, Austrian general (b. 1817)
- February 20 - Frederick Douglass, American ex-slave and author (b. 1818)
- February 25 - Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare, politician (b. 1815)
- February 26 - Salvador de Itúrbide y de Marzán, Prince of Mexico (b. 1849)
- March 2 - Berthe Morisot, French painter (b. 1841)
- March 10 - Charles Frederick Worth, English-born couturier (b. 1826)
- April 4 - Nikolai Baranov, Russian politician (b. 1843)
- May 19 - José Martí, Cuban independence leader (b. 1853)
- May 21 - Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer (b. 1819)
- May 26 - Ahmet Cevdet Pasha, Ottoman statesman (b. 1822)
- June 6 - Gustaf Nordenskiöld, Swedish explorer (b. 1868)
- June 29
July - December
- July 28 - Edward Beecher, American theologian (b. 1803)
- August 4 - Louis-Antoine Dessaulles, Quebec journalist and politician (b. 1818)
- August 5 - Friedrich Engels, German communist philosopher (b. 1820)
- August 22 - Luzon B. Morris, American politician (b. 1827)
- September 28 - Louis Pasteur, French microbiologist and chemist (b. 1822)
- October 8 - Empress Myeongseong (Queen Min), last Korean empress (b. 1851)
- October 25 - Charles Hallé, German-born pianist and conductor (b. 1819)
- November 5 - Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa of Japan (b. 1847)
- November 23 - Mauritz de Haas, Dutch-American marine painter (b. 1832)
- November 27 - Alexandre Dumas, fils, French author and playwright (b. 1824)
- December 13 - Anyos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist, inventor of the Dynamo (b. 1800)
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